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<title>王小川 | 区块链：旧世界的不兼容与新世界的机会</title><script type="text/javascript" src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.0.0.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">    /*调用微信预览图片的方法*/   $(function(){    function funcReadImgInfo(){      var imgs = [];      var imgObj = $("img");//这里改成相应的对象      for(var i=0; i<imgObj.length; i++){          imgs.push('http://www.ckgsb.edu.cn'+imgObj.eq(i).attr('src'));          imgObj.eq(i).click(function(){              var nowImgurl = 'http://www.ckgsb.edu.cn'+$(this).attr('src');                         WeixinJSBridge.invoke("imagePreview",{                   "urls":imgs,                   "current":nowImgurl            });            });        }    }    funcReadImgInfo()    })</script><!--banner--><div class="second-course second-project">	<div class="container text-center">		<h1 class="second-head" style="padding-top: 8rem;">文章详情</h1>		<p class="second-info">			首页 &gt; <span class="active">文章详情</span>		</p>	</div></div><!--正文--><div role="main">	<div class="container">		<div class="act-detail">			<div class="title-box">				<h1 class="title">王小川 | 区块链：旧世界的不兼容与新世界的机会</h1>				<p class="time">发布时间：2018-08-01 00:00</p>			</div>			<div class="act-detail-banner"></div>			<div class="act-detail-info">
                    <p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410717702579.png" title="1546410717702579.png" alt="0-1.png"/></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410723950141.jpg" title="1546410723950141.jpg" alt="0-2.jpg"/></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">阳光明媚的夏日午后，长江DBA四十余位师生到访位于中关村的搜狐网络大厦，开启了<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">DBA北京学习小组活动</span></strong>——DBA好分享之《<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">走进搜狗：区块链专题分享</span></strong>》。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">搜狗CEO、DBA首二班同学王小川就人工智能的底层架构及趋势，以及当前最火热的区块链话题与同学们做了倾情分享。DBA各期校友也在思想的碰撞中慎思明辨，每一位参与者都受益匪浅。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410757115669.jpg" title="1546410757115669.jpg" alt="1.jpg" width="591" height="335"/></p></section><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作为中国搜索行业的挑战者、AI领域的创新者，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">搜狗输入法</strong>一直深受数亿网民喜爱，标志着中文信息化的重大突破；<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">搜狗搜索</strong>也逐渐占据互联网移动搜索的一席江山。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">辉煌的今天背后，是<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">搜狗的6次突破</strong>：2003年搜狗成立的技术突破；2006年伴随搜狗输入法发布的产品突破；2008年以搜狗浏览器发布为标志的渠道突破；2010年搜狗从搜狐分拆独立运营的体制突破；2013年腾讯注资、腾讯搜搜和其他相关资产并入的资本突破；2017年赴美上市的再次资本突破。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410769362930.jpg" title="1546410769362930.jpg" alt="2.jpg"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">搜狗的AI布局非常清晰且专注：<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以语言为核心</strong>，基于对<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自然语言的交互和知识计算</strong>，希望将搜索升级到问答系统，将输入法升级到对话系统，并通过翻译将中文世界与全世界连接。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在语音识别、语音合成、表情识别、虚拟主播、翻译、对话、问答等领域，搜狗都有着不俗的表现。《一站到底》节目的人机大战上，“搜狗汪仔”战无不胜；今年上半年，全新发布的“搜狗旅行翻译宝”与“搜狗录音翻译笔”两款智能硬件，更是搜狗AI战略落地的两款代表性硬件产品。有趣的是，搜狗工程师曾提取了王小川在会议中的14分钟录音，然后找到庞麦郎的说唱歌曲，合成王小川音色版的《我的滑板鞋》。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410780613848.jpg" title="1546410780613848.jpg" alt="3.jpg"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">“我们希望用科技的力量服务社会，通过技术手段帮助人们跨越语言的障碍，让中文世界更好地融入全球世界，让跨国表达与获取信息更简单，创造未来更好的时代。”王小川如是说。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">区块链专题分享：</span></strong><strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">旧世界的不兼容与新世界的机会</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">文/王小川</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、</strong>作为整体的区块链</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410826115183.jpg" title="1546410826115183.jpg" alt="4.jpg"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">▲王小川同学分享</span></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">包括搜狗在内，互联网公司到了移动互联网时代都统一被叫做<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">古典互联网</span></strong>。如果做了这样一个区分，下一个问题是区块链相对于互联网发展是到哪一年？互联网第一次出现泡沫是在它的第8年，而比特币从2009年发明到现在是9年的时间了，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">区块链目前阶段的核心问题是什么还不明确。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">坦言之，目前为止关于区块链技术，看到的不是新世纪，更多是旧世界。如果不明确核心问题和视角，那么对于区块链的研究都是盲人摸象。在这个问题上，有人谈的是相关的技术，有的则是随之而来的理念。事实上，从任何一个单一的方面看待区块链都是片面且不完整的，我们应该跨越技术、商业以及政治，将所有视角统一后来看区块链，在此基础上也可以把比特币放到这系统里来看背后共通的逻辑。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不管从技术去看，还是从商业制度去看，我认为<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">区块链利益相关方的最大共识有两个，一个是建立去中心化的共识机制，另一个是建在去中心化这一共识基础上的激励机制。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、传统中心化的弊端</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410842717468.jpg" title="1546410842717468.jpg" alt="5.jpg"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">去中心化</span></strong>这一概念存在价值的潜在假设是，中心化在解决激励问题时有先天不足的地方：要么是存在不能解决的矛盾，或者是本身的效率和效能有限。那么区块链是否在底层技术上优于传统中心化的技术？</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">之前业内普遍的理念是，在有中心节点的条件下，中心计算能力会降到很低。但是事实不是这样。我在清华大学的高性能计算实验室的相关研究证明，<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">中心化的技术问题并不大</span></strong>。中心化作为一种底层技术，相对于去中心化的技术体系没有本质区别。所以去中心化不是技术或是理念上的问题，下一个阶段应该讨论商业应用里的区别。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">传统的中心化，也就是第三方，会带来三个方面的问题，它们分别是：交易成本高、有隐私泄露、数据篡改风险。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3、去中心化机制</strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">需要解决的挑战和融合</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">以上提到的三个问题在去中心化机制里也可能都存在，所以我们需要回答这些问题是否在区块链中解决了，或是未来可能如何解决。本章分析了<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">区块链在去中心化下存在的三个核心挑战，解决这三个挑战的过程也就是区块链与旧世界融合的过程。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第一个挑战依然是交易成本</span></strong>，在去中心化下它就变成一个用户“如何上链”的问题。当我们去中心化以后，目前的区块链技术需要维护很多的帐本，而每一个帐本具有高维护成本，且不仅第三方有成本，用户自己维护也有成本。特别是在大众都能参与帐本维护的时候，这个问题会变得特别突出。比如一个用户，如果选择在自己的电脑上放一个区块链钱包，把整个账本都下载下来大约会有八、九十个G的容量，对个人用户来说，电脑硬盘很容易不够用，这就是区块链带来的成本问题。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">针对区块链的维护成本，目前的一种潜在应对方案是让增值帐本跑起来，技术上虽然可行，但还是会涉及数据量过大的问题，尤其这种方法对于企业来说是不易进行的。在这种情况下，商业层面还会存在两个分叉：一个是交给第三方维护，比如现在的比特币，大多数比特币玩家不会自己在链条上装钱包，最多也是跟自己相关的这些币，这样操作安全性是有局限的，也就是不能完全发挥区块链的优势；另一个方案是由第三方托管，但这依然没有解决去中心化带来的问题，甚至是放弃了去中心化倒退回中心化。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410877290077.jpg" title="1546410877290077.jpg" alt="6.jpg"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第二个挑战是共识或者说规则如何升级。</span></strong>在区块链的利益相关方达成了共识后，如何升级该共识，尤其是加入了激励机制之后，到底该如何说服利益相关方统一修改意愿？区块链的用户如何在行业变化，或者自身需要调整的时候来达成共识、规则升级是急需解决的挑战。依然拿比特币为例，当比特币因为技术原因需要升级自身的协议，升级共识时，比特币的社区、矿藏和最终拥有者，每一个利益相关方都有自己的想法，结果就是很难形成共识。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">所以区块链的共识和规则如何升级，如何制定改变规则的规则，制定改变机制的机制，如何达成改变共识的共识就是目前面临的挑战。从实际上说，共识机制本身就有内生的问题：如果很快达成共识，共识很难改变；如果需要经常升级共识，那初始共识就很难达成。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第三个挑战是数字资产在价值网络里是通过区块链进行传递的，如何让价值网络里面的数字资产跟链下面的资产形成一个对应关系，也就是线上数据资产如何下线。</span></strong>今天我们看到的成功的区块链案例里的资产是虚拟的，全部是在线上的闭环里面进行流通，跟真实世界没有对应。如果有人考虑如何用区块链解决房产交易，那不应该仅仅在一两个房子之间进行记帐，应该建立一套更全面的体系，线下旧世界里面的资产，跟区块链是不兼容的。区块链3.0要解决问题。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410888774573.jpg" title="1546410888774573.jpg" alt="7.jpg"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section><section><section><section><section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4、</strong>区块链的分类</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410912799057.jpg" title="1546410912799057.jpg" alt="8.jpg"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">我们谈区块链的时候，我知道我们谈的其实不是区块链，因为我们谈的不是需求利用化，而是在谈共识这一技术完美的延伸。进一步宏观地看，传统上<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">区块链被分为私有链、公有链、联盟链。</span></strong>私有链是企业内部，企业靠自己背书，不能篡改数据。虽然企业内部也是反对私有链，但做公有链难度很大，达成共识也很难，所以<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">今天很多的区块链应用，除了比特币，更多是一种弱中心的做法。</span></strong>关于联盟链，比如说医疗数据，数个医院打通数据，从而做到不可篡改，它的挑战在于如何跟旧世界的习惯和制度兼容，这在实践过程中会跟旧世界产生很大的分歧。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5、</strong>共识机制的意义</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410933104188.jpg" title="1546410933104188.jpg" alt="9.jpg"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">我脑海中有个基本模型，左边是中心化，右边是去中心化。中心化你是要去信任这个公司，信任这个企业。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">去中心化是把对公司的不信任通过去中心化变成信任的技术。</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">信任技术背后需要有两个原因，第一个原因是信用建立机制。</span></strong>区块链或者说共识机制背后的信用点到底在哪，这种情况大公司不太感兴趣，因为大公司自己就代表了一种强信任关系，相对的，越小的公司越需要通过网络能力在去中心化下建立信任规则，让其用户或者是客户更大程度地信任它，这是小公司比大公司更愿意利用区块链的原因。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第二个原因是激励</span></strong>，除了建立信用机制以外，竭尽所能参与的人不仅仅是想通过区块链做交易，更重要的一部分是投资。所以这里有一个重要的命题，一个表面看似成功的区块链项目，建立的一个成功的生态或业务，而用户信任的是这套技术规则，还是用户只是被利益蒙蔽了眼睛，只是单纯的信任他可以从中获利，单纯地信任背后的激励。如果是后者，那里面就蕴含着非常大的风险，因为业务本身基本是空的，不可持续的。ICO推到一个极致就应该去区分，项目的价值是因为信任技术规则，还是因为激励创造。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/dbanew/20190102/1546410944353592.jpg" title="1546410944353592.jpg" alt="10.jpg"/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section><section><section><section><section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">6、</strong>区块链的生存空间</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">如果这个模式成立，就需要思考区块链本质上是不是打破了传统公司的关系，就像共产主义是没有国家概念的，区块链走到最后是否也存在这样一个模式。公司通过区块链的技术会放大信任和用户对其价值的认可，但是一旦放大到跟国家砥柱竞争的层面，是否会面临较大难度。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">进一步说，原本区块链的应用更多的作用是存在于公司杠杆之上，国家之下。但我觉得换一个角度思考，中国最该干一件事情，就是向非洲或者是其他地区的国家发行我们的数字货币，这个模型我称之为做国家之上，杠杆之下。非洲许多地方通货膨胀很厉害，如果中国通过自己的信用做背书，加上数字货币，包括区块链的市值放大，这不仅是一个新的挑战，更是一个新机遇。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 203, 187); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">旧世界的不兼容，还有新世界的机会。</span></strong>这是我看到的问题，我也希望在解决这个问题的时候带来区块链的三点融合。</span></p></section></section></section>                </div>		</div>		<!--
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                    nextButton: '.swiper-friend .swiper-button-next',
                    prevButton: '.swiper-friend .swiper-button-prev',
                    paginationClickable: true,
                    //loop: true,
                    //autoplay: 4000,
                })

                var swiper = new Swiper('.swiper-item .swiper-container', {
                    slidesPerView: 3,
                    spaceBetween: 15,
                    pagination: '.swiper-item .swiper-pagination',
                    nextButton: '.swiper-item .swiper-button-next',
                    prevButton: '.swiper-item .swiper-button-prev',
                    paginationClickable: true,
                    //loop: true,
                    //autoplay: 5000,
                })
				/*导航 下拉菜单pc端通用代码*/
				var nl = $(".dropdown");
                nl.mouseenter(function(){
                    nl.find('.dropdown-menu').hide();
                    //nl.removeClass('active');
                    var t = $(this);
                    t.addClass('active').find('.dropdown-menu').stop().slideDown(300,function(){
                        var u = $(this);
                        nl.mouseleave(function(){
                            $(this).find('.dropdown-menu').stop().slideUp(300,function(){
                                //t.removeClass('active');
                            })
                        })
                    })
                    navActive();
                })
                $('.xmslBtn').hover(function () {
                    $(this).removeAttr('href');
                    $(this).siblings('.layoutCode2').show();
                },function () { $(this).siblings('.layoutCode2').hide()})
            }
            if ($(window).width() < 768) {
				var mybanner = new Swiper('.swiper-banner .swiper-container', {
                    pagination: '.swiper-banner .swiper-pagination',
                    nextButton: '.swiper-banner .swiper-button-next',
                    prevButton: '.swiper-banner .swiper-button-prev',
                    paginationClickable: true,
                    loop: true,
                    autoplay: 3800,
                })
                var myswiper = new Swiper('.swiper-friend .swiper-container', {
                    slidesPerView: 1,
                    spaceBetween: 15,
                    pagination: '.swiper-friend .swiper-pagination',
                    nextButton: '.swiper-friend .swiper-button-next',
                    prevButton: '.swiper-friend .swiper-button-prev',
                    paginationClickable: true,
                    loop: true,
                    autoplay: 4000,
                })

                var swiper = new Swiper('.swiper-item .swiper-container', {
                    slidesPerView: 1,
                    spaceBetween: 15,
                    pagination: '.swiper-item  .swiper-pagination',
                    nextButton: '.swiper-item  .swiper-button-next',
                    prevButton: '.swiper-item  .swiper-button-prev',
                    paginationClickable: true,
                    loop: true,
                    autoplay: 5000,
                })
                $('.xmslBtn').click(function () {
                    $(this).attr('href','https://h.eqxiu.com/s/L3rU4vxd')
                    $(this).siblings('.layoutCode2').hide();
                })
            }
        }
		function nav_Click() {
            if ($(window).width() < 768) {
                $(".dropdown-menu").prevAll().attr("data-toggle", "dropdown");
            } else {
                $(".dropdown-menu").prevAll().attr("data-toggle", "");
            }
        }
		
		function navActive() {
			var title = '项目动态';
			$('.nav-item').removeClass('active');
			if(title=='首页')
			{$('.nav-item').eq(1).addClass('active');}
			if(title=='关于DBA'||title=='院长寄语'||title=='核心价值')
			{$('.nav-item').eq(2).addClass('active');}
			if(title=='DBA课程'||title=='实践课堂'||title=='课程体系')
			{$('.nav-item').eq(3).addClass('active');}
			if(title=='DBA学友'||title=='校友故事'||title=='学习生态')
			{$('.nav-item').eq(5).addClass('active');}
		    if(title=='师承名家')
			{$('.nav-item').eq(4).addClass('active');}
			if(title=='申请详解'||title=='常见问题')
			{$('.nav-item').eq(6).addClass('active');}
			if(title=='项目动态'||title=='近期活动')
			{$('.nav-item').eq(7).addClass('active');}
		 }
        
       
		$(function(){
        	$('.wechaticon').hover(function(){
                $(this).siblings('.layoutCode2').show();
                },function(){
                $(this).siblings('.layoutCode2').hide();
            })
			
			$(".viewBox").click(function(){
			var list_p=$(".itemList");
			var list=list_p.find('li');
			list_p.append(list.eq(0).clone());list_p.append(list.eq(1).clone());list_p.append(list.eq(2).clone())});
			$(".apply").click(function(){
				var applyBox=$(".footerDiv2");
				applyBox.slideDown(300,function(){
					var downApplyBoxBtn=$(".applyBt");
					downApplyBoxBtn.click(function(){
					applyBox.slideUp()
					})
				})
			})			
        })
    </script>
	
  </body>
</html>
